Pump installation

ABSTRACT

Kindly amend the abstract as follows: 
     A pump installation to lift fluid, with a limited energy input, from a first fluid mass above the fluid level of this first fluid mass (M 1 ):
         includes a first fluid reservoir, which has at the bottom a first connection with the first fluid mass;   includes a second fluid reservoir, which has at the bottom a sealable connection with a second lower-lying fluid mass and a sealable connection with the first fluid mass,       of which the first fluid reservoir, has on top a connection with the second fluid reservoir and this connection includes on top a sealable air opening. A method pumps up fluid with this pump installation.

The invention concerns a pump installation to lift fluid from a first fluid mass under a certain pressure above the fluid level of this first fluid mass. The invention also relates to a method for the transfer of the fluid by means of this pump installation.

Throughout history numerous kinds of pumping devices for the pumping of fluids have been developed. We can classify them in turbo-pumps or circulation pumps on the one hand and in volumetric pumps on the other. A turbo-pump is a driven machine in which mechanical shaft energy from a rotor is converted into hydrodynamic energy, at which the fluid is transferred. With volumetric pumps a force is acted on the fluid. This force is created by a back and forth going or a rotating piston. In this way at every cycle an amount of water is transferred.

At each of the commonly known pumps a relatively substantial amount of energy is needed to lift the fluid of a first fluid mass which is under a certain pressure, above the fluid level of this first fluid mass. This energy can be obtained through manpower, horsepower, electrically, etc.

Systems for lifting fluids by means of static pressure are described in the British patent publications GB 217,063 and GB 226,977. However, these systems are very complex. The system described in GB 217,063 includes two complete systems with working chambers which are situated either on or just above the lowest water mark, or on or just below the highest water mark of one specific fluid mass, and means to connect the water pipes of the working chambers in such a way that one chamber is filled, while the other is emptied. The described system also includes a closed initial filling container and a closed final emptying container.

The aim of the invention is to create a pump installation with which large fluid masses from a first fluid mass can be lifted under a certain pressure above the fluid level of this fluid mass.

This goal will be achieved by means of a pump installation for the lifting of fluid from a first fluid mass, which is under pressure, above the fluid level of this first fluid mass, at which the pump installation includes a first fluid reservoir, which has at the bottom a first connection with the first fluid mass; includes a second fluid reservoir, which has at the bottom a sealable second connection with a second fluid mass of which the fluid level at a level H is lower than the fluid level of the first fluid mass and a sealable third connection with the first fluid mass, at which the first fluid reservoir has on top a fourth connection with the second fluid reservoir; and at which this pump installation has on top a sealable air opening, so that when this opening is sealed a common sealed space is created above the fluid levels in the first and the second fluid reservoir and connected by the fourth connection.

When the pump installation only includes two fluid reservoirs, said sealable air opening must be on top of the first fluid reservoir, or on top of the fourth connection, or on top of the second fluid reservoir.

By means of such a pump installation fluid can be lifted from a fluid mass above the water level of this fluid mass, following the operating procedure described below.

With a specific pump installation according to this invention the first and the second fluid reservoir are both under atmospheric pressure.

When the first and the second fluid reservoir have a regular shape, and more specifically when the first fluid reservoir has a basically cylindrical shape or a basically parallelepiped shape, with a base Al and the second fluid reservoir has a basically cylindrical shape or a basically parallelepiped shape, with a base A2, then the fourth connection is to be made at a level above the fluid levels that are realised in the reservoirs after connection with the fluid levels in the atmosphere, which means A₂H/A₁+A₂ above the fluid level of the first fluid mass on the first fluid reservoir, and at a level which is above the fluid level of the first fluid mass on the second fluid reservoir.

A further specific arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention includes at least a third fluid reservoir.

The aim of the invention will be achieved by means of an operating procedure to lift a fluid from a first fluid mass above the fluid level of this first fluid mass, by means of a pump installation according to the invention, at which the operating procedure includes the following steps:

-   -   sealing the second connection and opening the third connection         and the air opening;     -   waiting until the fluid level in the first and in the second         fluid reservoir are equal to the fluid level of the first fluid         mass;     -   sealing the third connection and the air opening and opening the         second connection;     -   waiting until the fluid level in the first fluid reservoir is at         a same level above the first water mass as the fluid level of         the second fluid reservoir is above the second water mass.

In reservoirs that are connected with each other with a common air bell the total volume taken in by water or another fluid in each reservoir compared to the level of the connected water or fluid mass in the atmosphere, is adapted in such a way that the level differences between the level of the water or fluid mass in each reservoir and the level of the water or fluid mass in the atmosphere which is connected with them are equal. Therewith the total volume of the common air bell and of the water or fluid mass in the closed reservoirs remains unchanged.

This means that with two or more reservoirs that are connected with a common air bell and two or more water masses in the atmosphere, the level differences between the level in the reservoir and the level of the water mass in the atmosphere which is connected with it, become equal as soon as the connections are made.

The invention will now be illustrated with a detailed description of some arrangements of a pump installation according to the invention. The description is solely meant to give clear examples and to show further advantages and specialties of the arrangements. The description can by no means be interpreted as a restriction on the field of application of the invention or on the patent laws that are claimed in the conclusions.

In this detailed description we refer by means of reference numbers to the enclosed drawings, where in:

FIG. 1 a first arrangement of a pump installation according to the invention with two water reservoirs of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which both water reservoirs are in connection with the first water mass;

FIG. 2 the pump installation from FIG. 1 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first water reservoir;

FIG. 3 a second arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention with two water reservoirs of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which both water reservoirs are in connection with the first water mass;

FIG. 4 the pump installation from FIG. 3 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first water reservoir;

FIG. 5 a third arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention with three water reservoirs of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which all water reservoirs are in connection with the first water mass;

FIG. 6 the pump installation from FIG. 5 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first and the third water reservoir;

FIG. 7 a fourth arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention with three water reservoirs of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which all water reservoirs are in connection with the first water mass;

FIG. 8 the pump installation from FIG. 7 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first water reservoir and water from the third water mass is pumped in the third water reservoir;

FIG. 9 a fifth arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention with four water reservoirs of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which all water reservoirs are in connection with the first water mass;

FIG. 10 the pump installation from FIG. 9 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first, the third and the fourth water reservoir;

FIG. 11 the pump installation from FIG. 10 is schematically drawn in section, at which the second water reservoir is disconnected.

FIG. 12 the pump installation from FIG. 11 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water reservoir is pumped into the fourth water reservoir;

FIG. 13 a sixth arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention with a first water reservoir of irregular shape and a second water reservoir of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which both water reservoirs are in connection with the first water mass;

FIG. 14 the pump installation from FIG. 13 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first water reservoir;

FIG. 15 the pump installation from FIG. 14 is schematically drawn in section, at which the first water reservoir is fully disconnected;

FIG. 16 a seventh arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention with two water reservoirs of irregular shape and two water reservoirs of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which all water reservoirs are in connection with the first water mass;

FIG. 17 the pump installation from FIG. 16 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first, the third and the fourth water reservoir;

FIG. 18 the pump installation from FIG. 17 is schematically drawn in section, at which the second water reservoir is disconnected;

FIG. 19 the pump installation from FIG. 18 is schematically drawn in section, at which water is pumped from the first water reservoir into the fourth water reservoir;

FIG. 20 an eighth arrangement of the pump installation according to the invention with two water reservoirs of regular shape is schematically drawn in section, at which the first water reservoir includes a sealable wall that must be lower than the lifted fluid level, and with an outlet under the fluid level of the first water mass in the right part of the first water reservoir;

FIG. 21 the pump installation from FIG. 20 is schematically drawn in section, at which water from the first water mass is pumped into the first water reservoir above the bulkhead;

FIG. 22 the pump installation from FIG. 21 is schematically drawn in section, at which the second water reservoir is disconnected, the dividing wall is sealed and the outlet of the right part is opened, which results in a permanent supply and outflow of fluid.

The pump installations (1) shown in FIGS. 1 to 22, according to the invention, always include at least a first water reservoir (R1), which has at the bottom a first connection (C1) with a first water mass (M1), and a second water reservoir (R2), which has at the bottom a second, sealable connection (C2) with a second fluid mass (M2) and a third, sealable connection (C3) with the first fluid mass (M1). All reservoirs are connected on top with a fourth connection (C4). The pump installation (1) also has a sealable air opening (O1), to create by sealing this sealable air opening (O1) an enclosed space above the fluid levels in the first (R1) and the second fluid reservoir (R2).

The depicted water masses (M1, M2, M3) are all under atmospheric pressure. In the next part a few formulas are given to calculate the created level differences. These can be obtained by redistributing through the different phases the volumes of water in the different water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3, R4) among these water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3, R4), until a new balance is achieved. With communicating vessels the water level in all communicating vessels is the same, while—as shown above—in reservoirs that are connected with each other with a common air bell, the total volume taken in by water or another fluid in each reservoir compared to the level of the connected water or fluid mass in the atmosphere, is adapted in such a way that the level differences between the level of the water or fluid mass in each reservoir and the level of the water or fluid mass in the atmosphere which is connected with them are equal.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show how with a first arrangement of a pump installation (1) according to the invention, water can be lifted from a first water mass (M1) above the fluid level (N1) of this first water mass (M1). This first arrangement of the pump installation (1) involves a first (R1) and a second cylindrical water reservoir (R2) with identical diameters, so that the water surface in the first water reservoir (R2) has an identical surface area as the water surface in the second water reservoir (R2). De first connection (C1), which connects the first water reservoir (R1) with the first water mass (M1), is an open connection (C1) which can not be sealed.

In a first phase before the pumping up of the water both water reservoirs (R1, R2) are connected at the bottom with the first water mass (M1). This is realised by sealing the second connection (C2) and opening the third connection (C3). The air opening (O1) on top of the pump installation (1) is also opened, so that both water reservoirs (R1, R2) are also under atmospheric pressure. Both water reservoirs (R1, R2) function as communicating vessels with the first water mass (M1), so that the fluid level in both water reservoirs (R1, R2) is the same as the fluid level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

In a second phase—depicted in FIG. 2—the air opening (O1) is sealed so that a common air bell is created above the fluid levels in both water reservoirs (R1, R2). The second fluid reservoir (R2) is connected with the second water mass (M2) instead of with the first water mass (M1). This is realised by sealing the third connection (C3) and opening the second connection (C2).

In this way both water reservoirs (R1, R2) are sealed from the open air by a common air bell , so that the level differences between the water level (N1, N2) of the water masses (Ml, M2) in open air and the level of the water mass that is connected with them are the same in each reservoir (R1, R2 respectively). Because these fluid reservoirs (R1, R2) in FIGS. 1 and 2 have a cylindrical shape with a same base A1=A2=A, the said level differences are equal to

$\frac{A_{2}H}{A_{1} + A_{2}},$

which in this situation equals H/2. A water mass with a volume of

$\frac{H}{2}A$

was pumped above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

If one assumes that the surface area of the base of both fluid reservoirs (R1, R2) is 100 m², and the difference in height H between the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) is 10 m, then the difference in height between de respective water levels in the water reservoirs (R1, R2) above the water level (N1, N2 respectively) of the corresponding water mass (M1, M2 respectively) will be 5 m and a fluid mass with a volume of 500 m³ is lifted above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

The height of the water reservoirs (R1, R2) is determined in function of the water that has to be pumped up, at which the fourth connection (C4) is connected with the first water reservoir (R1) at a height which is larger than the height that the water will take that has to be pumped up in this water reservoir (R1). The connection of this fourth connection (C4) on the second water reservoir (R2) should be made at a height above the water level (N1) of the first fluid mass (M1), so that it can be connected as a communicating vessel on this first fluid mass (M1).

The second arrangement of a pump installation (1) as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is set up completely analogue to the pump installation (1) in FIGS. 1 and 2, but here the diameters of the first water reservoir (R1) and the second water reservoir (R2) are different. By making the surface area of the base of the second water reservoir (R2) larger than that of the first water reservoir (R1), water can be pumped up over a larger height above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1). This height is

$\frac{A_{2}H}{A_{1} + A_{2}},$

equal to with A1 being the surface area of the base of the first water reservoir (R1) and A2 being the surface area of the base of the second water reservoir (R2).

When all other measurements of the pump installation are kept equal, but the surface area of the base of the second water reservoir (R2) is 900 m² instead of 100 m² and the height of the water reservoirs (R1, R2) are adapted in function of these measurements, then the water in the first reservoir will be pumped up 9 m higher than the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) and a fluid mass with a volume of 900 m³ is lifted above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

The third arrangement of a pump installation (1) as depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6 includes, next to the basic parts (R1, R2, C1, C2, C3, C4, O1) which were also present in the first and the second arrangement, also a third water reservoir (R3). This third water reservoir (R3) is just like the first water reservoir (R1) always connected at the bottom with the first water mass (M1). Therefore this water reservoir (R3) is connected with the third connection (C3), which cannot be sealed in the part between the third water reservoir (R3) and the water mass (M1). On top this third water reservoir (R3) is connected with the first water reservoir (R1) as well as with the second water reservoir (R2), so that the fourth connection (C4) now runs through the third water reservoir (R3). This third water reservoir (R3) can be seen functionally as a second part of the first water reservoir (R1).

The three water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3) of this pump installation (1) are cylindrical and they have each a different diameter. Again the diameter of the second water reservoir (R2) is considerably larger, so that water can be pumped up to a larger height above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

In the first phase before pumping up the water, all water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3) are connected as communicating vessels with the first water mass (M1), as shown in FIG. 5. This is realised by sealing the second connection (C2) and by opening the third connection (C3) and the air opening (O1). The water level in all water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3) becomes equal to the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

In the second phase, as shown in FIG. 6, the air opening (O1) is sealed, so that a common air bell is created above the water levels in all water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3). The second water reservoir (R2) is sealed from the first water mass (M1) and then connected with the second water mass (M2). This is realised by sealing the third connection (C3) and by opening the second connection (C2). As mentioned before, when the third connection (C3) is sealed, the third water reservoir (R3) remains in connection with the first water mass (M1).

In this way, all water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3) are sealed from the open air with a common air bell, so that the level differences between the water level (N1, N2) of the water masses (M1, M2 respectively) in open air and the level of the water masses in each water reservoir (R1, R3, R2 respectively) that are connected with them, become equal. As the first and the third water reservoir (R1, R3) can functionally be regarded as a cooperative water reservoir [they both remain connected with water mass (M1)], the water level in both water reservoirs (R1, R3) when balanced will always be on the same level. The calculation of the height over which the water is pumped up is analogue to the previous pump installation (1), whereas now the sum of the bases of the first and the third water reservoir (R1, R3) replaces the base of the first water reservoir (R1) of the previous pump installation (1). With A3 as base of the third water reservoir, the water is pumped up in the first and the third water reservoir (R1, R3) over a height equal to

$\frac{A_{2}H}{\left( {A_{1} + A_{3}} \right) + A_{2}}.$

If one assumes that the surface area of the base of the first water reservoir (R1) is 10 m², the surface area of the base of the second water reservoir (R2) is 150 m² and the surface area of the base of the third water reservoir (R3) is 20 m², and the difference in height H between the first water mass (M1) and the second water mass (M2) is 6 m, then the difference in height of the respective water levels in the water reservoirs (R1, R3, R2 respectively) above the water level of both fluid reservoirs (M1, M2 respectively) is

${\frac{A_{2}H}{\left( {A_{1} + A_{3}} \right) + A_{2}} = {5\mspace{14mu} m}},$

and thus a water mass with a volume of 150 m³ is pumped up.

The fourth arrangement of a pump installation (1) as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 also includes a third cylindrical water reservoir (R3). Again the fourth connection (C4) runs through the third water reservoir (R3). This third water reservoir (R3) can be connected with the first fluid mass (M1) by means of a sixth sealable connection (C6) as well as with a third water mass (M3) by means of a fifth sealable connection (C5). The water surface (N3) of the third water mass (M3) is situated at a height between that of the water surface (N1) of the first water mass (M1) and that of the water surface (N2) of the second water mass (M2).

Functionally, the first and the second water reservoirs (R1, R2) on the one hand and the third and the second water reservoirs (R3, R2) on the other are in this way two separate pump installations (1), as depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4, at which the height of the water that can be pumped up in the first (R1) and the third water reservoir (R3) is now influenced by the presence of the third water mass (R3).

In a first phase, as depicted in FIG. 7, when the three water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3) are connected as communicating vessels to the first water mass (M1) by opening the third connection (C3), the sixth connection (C6), the air opening (O1) and by sealing the second connection (C2) and the fifth connection (C5), the water level in all water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3) is brought to the level of the water level (N1) of the first fluid mass (M1).

In a second phase, as depicted in FIG. 8, the space above the water levels in the water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3) is sealed and each water reservoir (R1, R2, R3) is connected with a separate water mass (M1, M2, M3). This is realised by sealing the air opening (O1), the third connection (C3) and the sixth connection (C6) and by opening the second and the fifth connection (C2, C5). The differences in level between the water level (N1, N2, N3) of the water masses (M1, M2, M3) in open air and the level of the water masses in each water reservoir (R1, R2, R3) that are connected with them, become equal, and equal to

$\frac{{A_{2}H} + {A_{3}H\; 2}}{A_{1} + A_{3} + A_{2}}$

with H2 being the height of the water level of the third water mass (M3) compared to the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1). In the depicted FIG. 8 the water will flow into the third reservoir (R3). In connection, the water will run in or out the reservoir depending on the difference in level between the highest water mass in the atmosphere (M1) and the individual water mass in the atmosphere which has to be connected, respectively smaller or larger is than the equal level differences that will be created by the individual connections.

With the base of the first water reservoir (R1) being 200 m², the base of the second water reservoir (R2) 1000 m², the base of the third water reservoir (R3) 300 m², a height H being 9 m and a height H2 being 5 m, we obtain an equal difference in level of 7 m. This means that in the first water reservoir (R1) compared to the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) a water volume of 1400 m³ can be pumped up. As in the first phase the water level in the third reservoir (R3) is already 5 m (H2) above the water level of the third water mass (M3), the equal difference in level is now raised with 2 m by pumping up 600 m³ from the third water mass (M3).

The fifth arrangement of a pump installation (1) according to the invention as depicted in FIGS. 9 to 12, includes now four cylindrical water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3, R4). The fourth connection (C4) between the first and the second water reservoir (R1, R2) now runs via the third and the fourth water reservoir (R3, R4) and can be sealed between the first and the fourth water reservoir (R1, R4) and between the third and the second water reservoir (R3, R2). The third water reservoir (R3) can on the one hand be connected with the sealable connection (C3) with the first fluid mass (M1) and on the other with the sealable connection (C5) with the second fluid mass (M2). The fourth water reservoir (R4) is connected at the bottom by a permanent connection (C6) to the first fluid reservoir (R1). The first connection (C1) between the first water reservoir (R1) and the first fluid mass (M1) can be sealed.

In a first phase before pumping up water above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1), which is situated higher, all water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3, R4) are connected as communicating vessels with this first water mass (M1), as depicted in FIG. 9.

In a second phase, as depicted in FIG. 10, the space above the water levels in the water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3, R4) is sealed and the first, the fourth and the third water reservoir (R1, R4, R3) remain connected with the first water mass (M1) and the second water reservoir (R2) is sealed from the first water mass (M1) and opened at the second water mass (M2). This is realised by sealing the air opening (O1), sealing the third connection (C3) at the second water reservoir (R2) and opening the second connection (C2). If the surface area of the base of the first, the second, the third and the fourth water reservoir (R1, R2, R3, R4) is taken as A1, A2, A3, A4 respectively, and the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) is situated higher than the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) over a height H, then in this way the water in the first, the fourth and the third water reservoir (R1, R4, R3) is pumped up over a height

$\frac{A_{2}H}{\left( {A_{1} + A_{3} + A_{4}} \right) + A_{2}}$

compared to the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

In a third and fourth phase, as depicted in FIGS. 11 and 12, with this pump installation, water in the fourth water reservoir (R4) can be pumped up even higher above the water level (N1) of the first fluid mass (M1).

Therefore in a third phase, as depicted in FIG. 11, the first and third water reservoir (R1, R3) are disconnected from the first water mass (M1), the fourth connection (C4) is disconnected between the first and the fourth water reservoir (R1, R4) and between the third and the second water reservoir (R3, R2) and the air opening (O1) is opened. The water in these first, fourth and third water reservoirs (R1, R4, R3) will be at the same level.

In a fourth phase, as depicted in FIG. 12, the fifth connection (C5) is opened, so that the third water reservoir (R3) is now in connection with the second water mass (M2). As the fourth water reservoir (R4) is in connection at the bottom with the first water reservoir (R1), which is under atmospheric pressure, as the third water reservoir (R3) is in connection with the second water mass (M2), which is also under atmospheric pressure, and as the space above the water levels in the fourth and the third water reservoir (R3, R4) is now sealed, the level differences between the water level in the first water reservoir (R1) and the water level in the fourth water reservoir (R4) on the one hand, and between the water level in the third water reservoir (R3) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) on the other, will become equal.

As the water volume in the first water reservoir (R1) has a finite volume of which the water in the fourth phase is pumped up to the fourth water reservoir (R4), the volume in this first water reservoir (R1) drops to reach the said balance, at which the said differences in level become equal. With the other described pump installations (1), in principle the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) can also drop and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) can rise. As the volume of this first water mass (M1) and this second water mass (M2) is many times larger than the volume of the water reservoirs (R1, R2, R3, R4), the drops and rises are fractionally small.

After phase 2 the difference in height between the water level in the first water reservoir (R1) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) equals to

$H + {\frac{A_{2}H}{\left( {A_{1} + A_{3} + A_{4}} \right) + A_{2}}.}$

Considering the said drop of the water level in the first water reservoir (R1) in the fourth phase, the said difference in level that is realised in the fourth phase becomes equal to

$\frac{A_{3}\left\lbrack {H + \frac{A_{2}H}{\left( {A_{1} + A_{3} + A_{4}} \right) + A_{2}}} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {A_{4}\left( \frac{A_{1}}{A_{4} + A_{1}} \right)} \right\rbrack + A_{3}}$

Assuming that the surface area of the base (Al) of the first water reservoir (R1) is 200 m², that of the second water reservoir (R2) A2=1320 m², that of the third water reservoir (R3) A3=200 m² and that of the fourth water reservoir (R4) A4=40 m², at which the difference in height H between the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) is 4 m, then we get as a result that after the second phase the level difference between the water level in the first, the third and the fourth water reservoir (R1, R3, R4) and the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) on the one hand and between the water level in the second water reservoir (R2) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) on the other is 3 m. After the fourth phase the level difference between the water level in the fourth water reservoir (R4) and the water level in the first water reservoir (R1) on the one hand and between the water level in the third water reservoir (R3) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) on the other is 6 m.

The sixth arrangement of a pump installation (1), as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, is again a pump installation (1) as in FIGS. 1 to 4, with two water reservoirs (R1, R2). The first water reservoir (R1) now has an irregular shape however. With an ‘irregular shape’ is meant that the measurements of horizontal sections vary between the highest and the lowest point of this water reservoir (R1) at which the water level can be in normal functioning of the pump installation. More specifically, in the depicted examples, this means that the water reservoir (R1) has a cylindrical shape, with a constricted first part, just above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) with which it can be connected. The reservoir has at the bottom and at the top cylindrical parts with a first diameter and a second diameter respectively. The surface area of a section with the first diameter is referred to as Al 1, while the surface area of a section with the second diameter is referred to as A12.

Obviously, this constriction has an influence on the height of the difference in level that can be reached with the volume of water that can be lifted in the first water reservoir (R1) above the fluid level (N1) of the first water mass (M1). With H3 considered to be the height of this constricted part and the other measurements referred to as said above, can be derived that the water in the first water reservoir (R1), as depicted in FIGS. 13 and 14, can be pumped up to a height of

$\frac{A_{2}H}{A_{11} + A_{2}},$

or when this result of the difference in level is higher than H3, to a height of

$\frac{\left( {A_{12}H\; 3} \right) + {A_{2}\left\lbrack {H - \left( \frac{A_{11}H\; 3}{A_{2}} \right)} \right\rbrack}}{A_{12} + A_{2}}$

above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

With such a pump installation (1), with for example A11=40 m², A12=900 m², A2 =2000 m², where the difference in height H between the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) is 8 m and the difference in height H3 of the constricted part of the first water reservoir (R1) is 5 m, the water can be lifted to a height of 7 m above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

FIG. 15 shows a possible application of such a pump installation (1) from FIGS. 13 and 14, for the distribution or irrigation of the water from the first water mass (M1). Therefore the fourth connection (C4) is sealed after the water has been pumped up in the first fluid reservoir (R1). The air opening (O1) and then the outlet opening (O2), which is at the bottom of the upper cylindrical part with section A12 in the first water reservoir, are opened, so that the water can flow freely from the upper cylindrical part of the first water reservoir (R1).

The seventh arrangement of a pump installation (1), as depicted in FIGS. 16 to 19, is analogue to the pump installation (1) in FIGS. 9 to 12, but now the first and the third water reservoir (R1, R3) have an irregular shape. These water reservoirs (R1, R3) are cylindrically shaped with a first cylindrical part with a small diameter and a second cylindrical part with a large diameter, where the second cylindrical part of both reservoirs, which is situated higher, is at a height H3 above the water level (N1) of the first fluid mass (M1). Further functioning of this pump installation (1) is completely analogue to the pump installation (1) in FIGS. 9 to 12, except for the fact that now water

-   -   a. in a first step can be pumped up to a height

$\frac{A_{2}H}{A_{11} + A_{2} + A_{31} + A_{4}},$

or when this result of the difference in level is higher than H3 to a level of

$\frac{\left\lbrack {\left( {A_{12} + A_{32} + A_{4}} \right)H\; 3} \right\rbrack + {A_{2}\left\lbrack {H - \frac{\left( {A_{11} + A_{31} + A_{4}} \right)H\; 3}{A_{2}}} \right\rbrack}}{\left( {A_{12} + A_{32} + A_{4}} \right) + A_{2}} = Y$

of above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1), so that the difference in level after the first step, between the water level (N4) of the first water reservoir (R1) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) reaches a level H4;

-   -   b. in a second step can be pumped up to a level of

$\frac{A_{32}H\; 4}{\left( {A_{4}\frac{A_{12}}{A_{12} + A_{4}}} \right) + A_{3}}$

above the water level (N5) of the first water reservoir (R1).

With such a pump installation (1) with for example the following measurements: A11=10 m²; A12=900 m², A2=3660 m², A31=10 m², A32=720 m² and A4=100 m², at which the difference in level H between the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) is 5 m and the difference in level H3 of the first section of the first and the third water reservoir (R1, R2) is 2 m, the water is pumped up in a first step in the first, the third and the fourth water reservoir (R1, R3, R4) to a height of 4 m above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1), so that the difference in height H4 between the water level (N4) in the first water reservoir (R1) and the water level (N2) of the second water mass (M2) is 9 m after the first step. In the second step the water in the fourth water reservoir (R4) is pumped up to a height of 8 m, which is the equal difference in level, above the water level (N5) of the first water reservoir (R1). This is equal to a difference in height

${{{8\mspace{14mu} m} + \left\lbrack \frac{\left( {{9\mspace{14mu} m} - {8\mspace{14mu} m}} \right)}{900\mspace{14mu} m^{2}} \right\rbrack} = 11},{20\mspace{14mu} m}$

of above the water level (N1) of the first water mass (M1).

The eighth arrangement of a pump installation (1), as depicted in FIGS. 20 to 22, shows a further use of a pump installation (1) according to the invention. The depicted pump installation (1) is set up analogue to the pump installation in FIGS. 3 and 4, but now the first water reservoir (R1) is internally divided in two vertical parts by means of a sealable wall (2) which has at the bottom a sealable circulation opening (O3). The sealable wall (2) must be situated lower than the level of the lifted fluid in the first water reservoir (R1). The part of the water reservoir (R1) that is situated on the left side of the sealable wall in FIGS. 20 to 22 is connected at the bottom to the first water mass (M1) with the first connection (C1). The part of the water reservoir (R1) that is situated on the right side of the sealable wall (2) in FIGS. 20 to 22 has a sealable outlet opening (O2) under the water level of the first water mass (M1). Obviously the surfaces of the vertical parts can be different; consequently the speed of the flow in both parts can be different. (Law of Bernoulli)

In a first and second phase, which are completely equal to the first and second phase for the lifting of a volume of water in the first fluid reservoir in FIGS. 3 and 4, the circulation opening (O3) is opened at the bottom of the sealable wall (2) and the outlet opening (O2) is sealed. In a third phase the circulation opening (O3) is sealed and the outlet opening (O2) is opened, so that the water from the first water mass (M1) is siphoned in a permanent way over the sealable wall (2) and flows through the outlet opening (O2).

In this way a permanent and inexhaustible artificial waterfall with a big fall can be created, as far as the outflow stays under the level of the supply water mass.

All pump installations (1) according to this invention can also be used to siphon a water mass to areas that are situated lower. 

1. Pump installation for the lifting of fluid from a first fluid mass which is under a certain pressure, above the fluid level of this first fluid mass wherein this pump installation includes a first fluid reservoir, which has at the bottom a first connection with the first fluid mass; includes a second fluid reservoir, which has at the bottom a sealable second connection with a second fluid mass, of which the fluid level over a height H is lower than the fluid level of the first fluid mass and a sealable third connection with the first fluid mass; at which the first fluid reservoir has on top a fourth connection with the second fluid reservoir; and at which this pump installation has on top a sealable air opening, so that by closing this sealable air opening a common sealed space is created above the fluid levels in the first and the second fluid reservoir and connected by the fourth connection.
 2. Pump installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fluid mass and the second fluid mass are under atmospheric pressure.
 3. Pump installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fluid reservoir has a basically cylindrical shape or an basically parallelepiped shape, with a base with surface area A1 and the second fluid reservoir has a basically cylindrical shape or an basically parallelepiped shape, with a base with surface area A2 at which the fourth connection is connected at a height above the fluid levels which are realised in the reservoirs after the connection with the fluid levels in the atmosphere, being above the fluid level of the first fluid mass on the first fluid reservoir, and at a level which is above the fluid level of the first fluid mass on the second fluid reservoir.
 4. Pump installation according to claim 1, characterized in that this pump installation includes at least a third fluid reservoir.
 5. Method for lifting a fluid from a first fluid mass which is under a certain pressure, above the fluid level of this first fluid mass by means of a pump installation according to claim 1, wherein these include the following steps: sealing of the second connection and opening of the third connection and the air opening; waiting until the fluid level in the first and in the second fluid reservoir are equal to the fluid level of the first fluid mass; sealing of the third connection and the air opening and opening of the second connection; waiting until the fluid level in the first fluid reservoir is at the same height above the fluid level of the first water mass as the fluid level in the second fluid reservoir is above the fluid level of the second fluid mass. 